Horton Plains National Park is a protected area in
the central highlands of Sri Lanka and is covered by montane
grassland and cloud forest. This plateau at an altitude of 2,100–2,300
metres (6,900–7,500 ft) is rich in biodiversity and many species
found here are endemic to the region. This region was designated a national
park in 1988. It is also a popular tourist destination and is situated 32
kilometres (20 mi) from Nuwara Eliya.
The Horton Plains are the headwaters of three
major Sri Lankan rivers, the Mahaweli, Kelani, and Walawe. In Sinhala the
plains are known as Maha Eliya Plains. Stone tools dating back to Balangoda
culture have been found here. The plains' vegetation is grasslands interspersed
with montane forest, and includes many endemic woody plants. Large herds
of Sri Lankan Sambar Deer feature as typical mammals, and the park is also
an Important Bird Area with many species not only endemic to Sri
Lanka but restricted to the Horton Plains. Forest dieback is one of
the major threats to the park and some studies suggest that it is caused by a
natural phenomenon. The sheer precipice of World's End and Baker's Falls are
among the tourist attractions of the park.
